Dissociation & Dissociative Disorders
Dissociation is a phenomenon where an individual feels disconnected from reality or experiences a detachment from their thoughts, feelings, or surroundings. It often occurs as a response to high stress levels or as a way of coping with past traumatic experiences. The duration of dissociative episodes can vary, ranging from brief moments to extended periods, such as days, weeks, or even months.
Causes of Dissociation
Frequent dissociation may indicate the presence of a dissociative disorder, which can result from experiencing trauma during childhood or as a coping mechanism to handle stressful situations. Additionally, dissociation can be associated with certain mental health conditions, including:
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) & Complex PTSD (CPTSD): Individuals who have experienced traumatic events may dissociate as a defence mechanism against overwhelming emotions and memories associated with the trauma.
Schizophrenia: Dissociation can occur in some individuals with schizophrenia, where they may feel detached from their thoughts or perceptions of reality.
Bipolar Disorder: Some individuals with bipolar disorder may experience episodes of dissociation during extreme mood swings.
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD): People with BPD may dissociate as a way to cope with intense emotional states and distress.
Types of Dissociative Disorders
Dissociative Amnesia: This disorder affects a person's memory and ability to recall specific information, including memories of their own life. Parts of their life or information may be "blocked" or inaccessible.
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID): Previously known as Multiple Personality Disorder, DID is characterised by the presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states within an individual. Each identity may have its unique behaviours, preferences, and moods. Treatment for DID often involves therapies aimed at integration and co-consciousness among identities.
Managing Dissociation
Managing dissociation and dissociative disorders involves seeking professional help from mental health specialists. Therapies like Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) can be beneficial in addressing dissociative symptoms and related emotional issues.
Film Representation
DID has been portrayed in popular culture, including the movie "Split," featuring actor James McAvoy. It's essential to recognise that film representations may only partially capture the complexities and challenges individuals with DID face in real life.
Dissociation and dissociative disorders are complex psychological phenomena that can significantly impact an individual's well-being and quality of life. Seeking professional support and understanding the underlying causes is crucial in managing dissociation effectively. With appropriate interventions and treatment, individuals can learn to cope with dissociation and work towards leading fulfilling and integrated lives.